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R. Radha , T. Lata , N. N. Rajendran

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the antimicrobial activity of different extracts (chloroform, ethylacetate, methanol, water) of the plant. Heliotropium marifolium Retz. Methods: Antimicrobial activity was assessed by standard dilution test using Mueller Hinton agar (MH) medium. The zone of inhibition of the extracts was compared with that of ciprofloxacin (5 μg / disc) by disc diffusion method. Results: The findings showed potential antimicrobial properties of the extracts against the organisms tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts was 133.33 μg/ml. The zone of inhibition of all extracts was comparable with that of ciprofloxacin. Conclusions: The study suggests that the plant is promising for development of phytomedicine for antimicrobial properties.

Keywords

Heliotropium marifolium Retz, Extracts, Antimicrobial Activity, Ciprofloxacin

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S. Arokiyaraj ¹, R. Radha ², S. Martin ³, K. Perinbam ¹

Affiliations
1 Sathyabama University, Chennai-119, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Madras Medical College, Chennai-3, IN
3 Jaya College of Engineering, Thiruninravur, Chennai-602024, IN

Abstract

Alcohol and aqueous extract of Cadaba fruticosa (leaves) were subjected for hypoglycemic activity in wistar rats (160-200 g). The oral administration of leaf extracts at dose 1000 mg/kg led to a significant blood glucose reduction. Phytochemical analysis of alcohol extract revealed the presence of terpenoids, flavanoids, steroids, proteins, alkaloids, gums, sugars and saponins but negative result was observed in aqueous extract except terpenoids, flavonaids, proteins, furans, gums and sugars. This study brings out the evidence regarding pharmacological and phytochemical activities of C. fruticosa.

Keywords

Acute Toxicity, Anti-diabetic, Alloxaninduced Diabetes, Cadaba Fruticosa

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A. John Presin Kumar ¹, R. Radha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan University, Chennai

Abstract

Improvement in surface roughness of EN24 steel using nano coating technology is aimed in this work, in which nano coating is done on the tungsten carbide tool material which is a mixture of chromium nitrate nano particles and acetone. The main objective is to find out the surface roughness characteristics of EN24 steel after machining with tungsten carbide cutting tool with and without chromium nitrate nano coating at various speeds and feeds.

Keywords

EN24 Steel, Surface Roughness, Nano Particle, Nanocoating

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R. Radha ¹, A. Sasikala ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Food Service Management and Dietetics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore-641 043, IN

Abstract

The school lunch program, designed to reduce the prevalence of mal-nutrition, provides a nourishing noon meal for children, so that at least one third of their calorie and protein requirements are met. A healthy midday meal can help to protect children from hunger, provide supplementary nutrition and contribute towards right education by facilitating regular school attendance and enhancing children's learning abilities. Midday meals have become an integral part of the school "routine" in Tamil Nadu.

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R. Radha

Abstract

Book Review Title:

* Food, Nutrition and Health.

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R. Radha ¹, M. Amirthaveni ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam Univeristy for Women, Coimbatore - 641 043, IN

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is an epidemic disease in most countries that are undergoing socioeconomic transitions. The prevalence of diabetes for all age groups worldwide was estimated to be 2.8 per cent in 2000 and 4.4 per cent in 2030. The total number of people with diabetes is projected to rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030.

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P. Vijayalakshmi ¹, R. Radha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Family and Community Science Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore - 641 043, IN

Abstract

In India prevalence of coronary artery disease is 30/1000. The burden of cardiovascular disease has increased by 100 per cent in both rural and urban areas. Studies have proved that the incidence of cardio vascular disease is reduced by supplementing fiber rich foods in the diet there by lowering and changing pattern of living with regular exercise programme. Incorporating fiber in the diet brings about reduction in serum cholesterol by preventing absorption.

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G. Rajaathi ¹, R. Radha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Food Service Management and Dietetics, Avinashilingam Institute of Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Stress is a reaction which occurs in the body when it comes up against either an unpleasant feeling or a situation that it is not comfortable with. Stress plays a role in depression, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Along with this it is a main cause for chronic diseases like hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular disease, irritable bowel syndrome, ischemic heart disease, cancer, diabetes, asthma, acid peptic disease. Stress plays a role in triggering or worsening depression, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Stress is associated with the onset of depression as well as relapse in people who have recovered from it. The biggest type of culprits in depression, namely "social stressors" such as divorce and the death of a loved one. Depression also is common among people who have been diagnosed with a serious illness, suggesting that physical disease itself is a stressful event that can lead to depression. On the other hand, chronic stress such as work stress contributes to cardiovascular illnesses such as coronary heart disease. Stress causes and contributes to disease in two ways. One is behavioral stress where people under stress sleep poorly and are less likely to exercise; they adopt poor eating habits, smoke more and don't comply with medical treatment. Stress also triggers a response by the body's endocrine systems, which release hormones that influence multiple other biological systems, including the immune system. There are many types of cancers, and it is possible that stress only influences those facilitated by sustained hormonal response and impairments in immunity. Obesity today is so common that young people are also suffering from this kind of disease. Overeating is the main cause of obesity. Many people today, especially young people, are now living a hectic and stressful lifestyle.

Keywords

Stress, Chronic Disease.

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R. Radha ¹, A. John Blesswin ¹, G. Selva Mary ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Information Technology, SRM University, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu,, IN

Abstract

Objectives: User authentication is an indispensable element for secured network service. Due to the rapid advancement of Internetworking technologies, it is easy for attackers to access confidential data by compromising authentication methods. Traditional methods of biometric authentication have a weakness, especially in high-security systems because it gives chances for any attacker to obtain the system information. There is a strong desire to develop and implement more secure authentication method to protect such information against security threats. Methods: From the existing Biometric authentication methods, DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid) is said to be the best method due to its high accuracy and allows both identification and verification. At present DNA techniques are used mainly in Law enforcement, there is feasibility to extend this in real life system security. Findings: The proposed D-SSS is an innovative and new idea of DNA pattern extraction and pattern matching approach. Applications: The proposed (D-SSS) DNA-based biometric technique builds a new system of authentication that requires very less amount of saliva to protect the system efficiently with highlevel security. The D-SSS is a user-friendly approach, which uses the unique property that the user has at the time of authentication, will lead to intensive work in the area of system security.

Keywords

System Security, DNA Extraction, Saliva, Biometric system

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S. Nandhini ¹, R. Radha ¹, R. Vadivu ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai, IN
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai, IN

Abstract

The present study deals with docking of Hematoporphrin with various anticancer drugs targeting enzymes. The targets used were PDB-ID 2Y3I, PDB-ID 3OZZ, PDB-ID 3UEN and PDB-ID 4O33. Hematoporphyrin docked with these enzymes and interactions between the enzyme and compound were measured and compared with standard Paclitaxel. The study concluded that, the compound (Hematoporphyrin) isolated from plant were high interactions with PDB-ID 4O33 when compared to standard.

Keywords

Docking, Hematoporphyrin, Paclitaxel, Protein Data Bank, Interactions.

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M, Kavitha ¹, R. Vadivu ¹, R. Radha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai-03

Abstract

Pharmacognostical studies were carried out to identify and authenticate the bark of Sterculia foetida. Pharmacognostical studies were carried out in terms of macroscopic, microscopic and physiochemical analysis. The outer bark is grey in color and inner bark is buff coloured single quill and has fibrous texture. The characteristic microscopic features of bark were observed as cork, cortex, medullary rays, phloem parenchyma and sclerenchyma in the transverse section. The microscopical features of powdered bark showed the presence of lignified fibers, xylem vessels, stone cells, cortex and calcium oxalate crystals. Histochemical studies were done to identify and locate the active constituents present in the bark. Ash values, extractive values, swelling index, foaming index, loss on drying and foreign organic matter were also carried out in order to find out the quality and purity of the drug.

Keywords

Sterculiafoetida, Macroscopy, Microscopy, Histochemical studies and Physio-chemical constants.

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P. Vijayalakshmi ¹, R. Radha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai – 600003, IN

Abstract

Citrus maxima (J. Burm.) Merr of Rutaceae is widely distributed and indigenous in Indian subcontinent. Citrus maxima is a perennial shrub commonly known as Papanus. The peel of the fruit has leathery endocarp, containing numerous oil glands. It is found to possess the anti bacterial, anti fungal, anti oxidant, Larvicidal, hepatoprotective, anti cancer, anti platelets, and anti diabetic activity. This study deals with the pharmacognostical and Phytochemical screening of the Citrus maxima peels. Macroscopic and microscopic photographs of transverse sections (T.S.) of Citrus maxima peel shown distinct presentation of volatile oil, calcium oxalate, parenchymatous cell, vascular bundle collenchymatous cell and stone cells. Standardization of the peels were done with the help of extractive values [Water soluble extractives (10.25 % w/w), Alcohol soluble extractives (29.26 % w/w)], total ash value (3.19 % w/w), water soluble ash (0.66%w/w), acid insoluble ash value (0.83 % w/w) and loss on drying (5.23 % w/w), and Volatile oil content was found to be 6% V/W. Phytochemical analysis shown the presence of flavonoids, carbohydrates, steroids, gums and mucilage. The study also included fluorescence analyisis and no fluorescence were observed. This study brings about various pharmacognostical, phytochemical and physiochemical parameters for the identification and standardization of the plant material.

Keywords

Citrus maxima, Standardization, Fluorescence Analyisis, Pharmacognostical.

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K. Mekala ¹, R. Radha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai – 600003, IN

Abstract

The plant Caesalpinia sappan is a small leguminous tree upto 10m in height belonging to the Caesalpiniaceae family,with an orange-red hard Heartwood with spiny trunk ,which besides being useful in turnery gives a red dye. It is commonly known as Brazil or Sappan wood, native to tropical Asia, also grown as a hedge plant. The plant is being used worldwide for a large number of traditional medicinal purposes including anti-tumour, antiinflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti-diabetic, anti-allergic, cardioactive, neurotoxicity, anti-bacterial, antiacne , anemia, tuberculosis and some other activities. The main active constituent is Brazilin, and together triterpenoids, flavanoids, lipids, steroids, aminoacids etc are found. Leaves yield volatile oil, 0.16 to 0.25%; pods contain 40% tannin; seeds yield 32.1% and 34.4% mucilage and straw -yellow , edible oil(7.5%) having a characteristic smell; ischolar_mains contains caesalpin-type diterpenoids along with sitosterol. In folklore medicine it is used as a herbal drinking water for its blood purifying, anti- thirst , anti-tumour and to improve complexion in Kerela. It has the potential to hit the market as a safe natural colouring agent with good medicinal value for pharmaceuticals, food products and beverages. The plant is one of the ingredients of an indigenous drug 'Lukol' which is administered orally for the treatment of non-specific leucorrhoea. The present article summarizes review on the plant, its phytochemistry and its pharmacological activity which have been reported.

Keywords

Caesalpinia sappan, Phytochemicals, Anti-Tumour, Immunosuppressive, Cardioactive.

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M. Kavitha ¹, R. Vadivu ¹, R. Radha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai-03, IN

Abstract

Sterculia foetida Linn., (Sterculiaceae) known as Wild Almond or Java olive is an attractive umbrella shaped spreading tree. Traditionally, leaves as well as the seeds have important medicinal values as they contain Sterculic acid(53%) as a constituent which has proven to have interesting pharmacological applications such as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity potentials. The tree yield edible seeds rich in fat (30-36%) and protein 11.4%. Traditionally leaves and bark are used as aperient, diaphoretic, diuretic and also used in the treatment of rheumatism, obesity, gonorrhoea, dropsy, skin diseases etc,. The plant is rich in fatty acids and flavonoids. This review summarizes the overall research of phytochemical and pharmacological activities of Sterculia foetida in the recent years.

Keywords

Sterculia foetida, Sterculiaceae, Review, Phytochemical, Pharmacological.

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S. C. Baviya ¹, R. Radha ¹, N. Jayshree ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Hybanthus enneaspermus belonging to the family Violaceae commonly known as spade flower, is a small shrub growing to a height of 60cm with pink-purple spade shaped flowers. Ionidium suffriticosum, Viola suffriticosa, Ionidium enneaspermum and Viola enneaspermum are the synonyms for the plant. Entire plant is of medicinal importance and is widely used in Ayurveda and Siddha systems of medicine. Dipeptide, alkaloids, aurantiamide acetate, isoarborinol, sitosterol, sugars, flavonoids, catechins, tannins, anthraquinones and amino acids are the constituents present in the plant. In Southwest Nigeria the plant is locally known as Abiwere, used by Traditional birth attendants to make delivery less laborious. Hybanthus enneaspermus shows interesting medicinal properties like anti-hyperlipidemic activity, free radical scavenging activity, nephro protective activity, antioxidant activity, anti-arrhythmic activity, anti-infertility activity, anti-allergic, analgesic activity and anti-microbial activity. This article as a review on the plant, its phytochemistry and its reported pharmacological activity.

Keywords

Hybanthus enneaspermus, Violaceae, Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology.

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P. Vijayalakshmi ¹, R. Radha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai – 600003, IN

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease is an age-associated, irreversible, progressive neurodegenerative disease which is characterized by severe memory loss, unusual behavior, personality changes, and a decline in cognitive function. Even today Alzheimer disease is spreading in very fast pace though large number of researchers and manufacturers are engaged to find effective medication but result is not satisfactory. Most of the drugs or medicines have high tendency of side effect. This fact made me inclined towards plants to execute the research work. Normally it is observed that side effects in plant derivative are very less. Most potential target for the treatment and slowing down of Alzheimer disease progression is cholinesterase inhibitors from plants. The anti oxidant and anti cholinesterase activity of various extracts of Citrus maxima fruit peels were studied by DPPH assay and Hydrogen Peroxide radical scavenging effect for in vitro analysis; Whereas Ellman's colorimetric methods were used for anti cholinesterase activity estimation. Ethanolic extract shown the potent anti oxidant (DPPH; IC₅₀=25 μg/ml , HPSA; IC₅₀=54 μg/ml) and anti cholinesterase activity with IC₅₀ value of 115 μg/ml. These plants were found to be potent enough to be studied further for its in vivo Anti Alzheimer disease and to perform formulations.

Keywords

Alzheimer Disease, Citrus maxima, Anti Oxidant, Anti Cholinesterase Activity.

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R. Radha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Food Service Management and Dietetics, Avinashilingam Deemed University for Women, Coimbatore, IN

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is a global health problem increasing in prevalence. Although there is a clear genetic component to cardiovascular disease, many environmental factors may also impact cardiovascular risk, including diet, physical activity, smoking habits, psychological stress levels, and pollution exposure. These factors vary globally and may contribute to worldwide cardiovascular risk differences. Other globally variant factors that are likely to affect cardiovascular risk are healthcare access and emphasis. It has long been suggested that psychosocial factors play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis, as well as in the acute onset of cardiovascular events, for example, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. Though Emotional stress is related to heart disease, how we respond to the stress is extremely important in determining how much risk the stress we experience every day imposes on our heart. Certain kinds of emotional stress in a certain kind of person can accelerate the development of chrome heart disease, or can precipitate an acute cardiac crisis. Nobody can avoid all forms of emotional stress, but if we think we may be at risk of stress-related heart disease, we ought to consider taking steps to control both our response to stress, and any other cardiac risk factors we may have.

Keywords

Stress, Cardiovascular Disease.

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S. Jeyalakshmi ¹, R. Radha ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science, Guru Nanak College, IN
2 Department of Computer Science, Shrimathi Devkunvar Nanalal Bhatt Vaishnav College for Women, IN

Abstract

Plants, for their growth and survival, need 13 mineral nutrients. Toxicity or deficiency in any one or more of these nutrients affects the growth of plant and may even cause the destruction of the plant. Hence, a constant monitoring system for tracking the nutrient status in plants becomes essential for increase in production as well as quality of yield. A diagnostic system using digital image processing would diagnose the deficiency symptoms much earlier than human eyes could recognize. This will enable the farmers to adopt appropriate remedial action in time. This paper focuses on the review of work using image processing techniques for diagnosing nutrient deficiency in plants.

Keywords

Color Segmentation, Color Space, Mathematical Morphology, Color Feature Extraction, Classifier.

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R. Radha ¹, R. Deepalakshmi ¹, A. Poova ¹, Amala ¹, S. Sivagami ¹, N. Sangeetha ¹, S. Lakshmanan ¹, Ashley K. Vinod ¹, J. Janani ¹

Affiliations
1 Dhanvantri College of Nursing, Pallakkapalayam, Namakkal District, IN

Abstract

Background: Passive smoking is the inhalation of smoke, called second-hand smoke (SHS), or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), by persons other than the intended "active" smoker. It occurs when tobacco smoke permeates any environment, causing its inhalation by people within that environment. Exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke causes disease, disability, and death. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding passive smoking among adolescents. Methods: A one group pre test and post test pre experimental design was adopted for the study 15 adolescent boys and girls fulfilling inclusion criteria were selected by convenient sampling in Allinayankan palayam area at Namakkal district. A pretest was conducted by using knowledge questionnaires related to Passive smoking. Immediately after pretest STP was given to the adolescent boys and girls for 6day post test was conducted to assess the effectiveness of STP. Collected data was analyzed by using descriptive. Result: In The paired ‘t ’ test was calculated to analyze the effectiveness between pre and post test scores of adolescent boys and girls. The paired ‘t ’ test value was 5.66 when compared to table value 2.15 is high. It seems that there is significant relationship between structured teaching programme and adolescent boys and girls. Conclusion: The findings imply the need for education about Passive smoking among adolescents. Education should be extended management of Passive smoking and varies settings to be conducted.

Keywords

Passive Smoking, Second-hand Smoke, Third-hand Smoke Environmental Tobacco Smoke, Knowledge, Structured Teaching Programme, Mainstream Smoke.

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A. Yasmin ¹, R. Vijaya Bharathi ¹, R. Radha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Madras Medical College, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Luffa acutangula (L) Roxb (Family: Cucurbitaceae) is commonly known as Ridge gourd. It is a widely growing vegetative climber. This plant is valuable for antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, abortifacient, anti-tumour, antiulcer, antibacterial, ameliorative, antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory and larvicidal effect. This present review is focused on the pharmacognostical characters like scientific classification, vernacular name, chemical constituents, nutritional value and the plant potential in biological activity. This review will be more useful for student further research.

Keywords

Luffa acutangula, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology.

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S. Sumithra ¹, R. Vadivu ¹, R. Radha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Madras Medical College, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Now a day’s world health organization encourage, recommends and promotes traditional, herbal remedies in health care sciences, because these drugs low in cost, easily available and are safe. The main advantage of using phytoconstituents is free from adverse effects where none of the medication can do. However, the physiochemical properties such as poor permeation, poor solubility and non- targeting at the active site creates a barriers which hinders its therapeutic efficacy. So, targeted drug delivery strategies are employed to overcome these barriers and provide uniform drug targeting at the active site in desired concentration and improved therapeutic efficacy. These day’s colonic diseases are commonly seen and needs lifelong medical attention. Herbal medicines can play vital role in the treatment of colonic diseases like ulcerative colitis, intestinal bowel syndrome, colon cancer and Crohn’s disease. This review article discusses in brief, introduction to targeted drug delivery, factors influence the drug targeting and approaches for enhancing the therapeutic potential of phytoconstituents having wide biological activities.

Keywords

Colon Drug Delivery, Factors, Approach, Phytoconstituents.

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S. Jeyalakshmi ¹, R. Radha ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science, Shrimathi Devkunvar Nanalal Bhatt Vaishnav College for Women
2 Department of Computer Science, Shrimathi Devkunvar Nanalal Bhatt Vaishnav College for Women, IN

Abstract

A Plant disease is any dysfunction of a plant, caused by living organisms, which affects the quality and quantity of yield. These symptoms are visually shown on the plant leaves. This paper discusses classification of Tomato diseases such as Late Blight, Septoria Leaf Spot and Yellow leaf curl virus while distinguishing the healthy leaf at the same time. An experimental sample size of 1817 was considered in conducting this study. This work differentiates diseased tomato leaf images with healthy leaf images. The classifiers Random Forest, Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network and Support Vector Machines were trained and got a prediction accuracy of 88.74%, 89.84%, and 92.86% respectively in classifying diseases. Then, the prediction results of Random Forest, Multilayer Perceptron and Support Vector Machines were combined using Soft Voting classifier and obtained a highest accuracy of 93.13% in classifying tomato diseases.

Keywords

Tomato Diseases, Support Vector Machines, Multilayer Perceptron, Random Forest, Voting Classifier.

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